Microenvironmental modulation during bone regeneration processes: an analysis of osteoinductive, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects

Biomaterials offer an attractive surface for bacteria to grow on. As the use of biomaterials is rising, the numbers of biomaterial related infections are rising equally. Immediately upon implantation of biomaterials the so called “race to the surface” between bacteria and host cells begins. This early stage is important for long term stability of the implant as well as in the prevention of bacterial infections as biofilm formation starts once bacteria are able to attach to the implant surface. As biofilms are rather difficult to treat and antibiotic resistance is generally rising, it is important to prevent biofilm formation before it even starts. Modifications of the implant surface are one possibility to tackle this problem. In this PhD project, a tandem framework between material- and life sciences is created with the aim to clarify the cellular and molecular basis behind this competition and to generate a novel, protein-based coating for titanium surfaces that both, hinders microbial adhesion and boosts osteointegration. Specifically, the plan is to create protein nanofiber (PNF) surfaces that precisely alter cellular behavior on both sides of the competition. A wide range of in vitro assays will be applied in order to analyze the adhesion, proliferation, viability and differentiation of osteoblasts on these novel surfaces. A key point is the interplay between invading bacteria and the surface. Here, the ability for bacterial adhesion as well as the virulence will be assessed. Additionally, an analysis of immunomodulatory effects of the PNFs will be conducted by assessing macrophage polarization and cytokine profiles. Other microenvironmental changes like mechanical stimulation will be used to deepen the knowledge on osteoblast behavior during osteointegration. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the influence of microenvironmental changes during the “race to the surface”, this work will contribute to the development of a new generation of implants with increased antimicrobial effects and biocompatibility.

PhD start: 02/10/2026