The effects of photoactivated ciprofloxacin and bile acids on biofilms on bile duct catheters.

Eberhardt N, Santamarina BG, Enghardt ML, Rohland O, Hussain I, Tannert A, Thieme L, Rubio I, Rödel J, Löffler B, Arndt HD, Bauer M, Busch A2024The effects of photoactivated ciprofloxacin and bile acids on biofilms on bile duct catheters. Int J Antimicrob Agents , 107086-107086.

Abstract

This study examines the potential of a novel photoactivatable ciprofloxacin to act against bacterial infections and microbiomes related to biliary diseases. Additionally, the treatment is evaluated combining the impact of bile acids and antibiotics on biofilms Here innovative strategies are evaluated to addressing the elusive bile duct microbiome resulting in biofilm-related infections linked to biliary catheters. The healthy biliary system is considered sterile, but in disease, bile microbiomes can occur, and these correlate with hepatobiliary diseases. Causes included biofilms that form on internal-external biliary drainage catheters. These biliary catheters can be used to study noninvasively the otherwise elusive bile microbiome for a pilot study. Here a new photoactivatable antibiotic was tested for efficacy against human-derived pathogenic bacterial isolates, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli, and catheter derived bile duct microbiomes. In addition, the effect of bile acids on antibiotic treatment of biofilms was quantified using crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and biofilm image analysis. Two novel approaches for targeting biliary biofilms were tested. A photo-activated antibiotic based on ciprofloxacin showed efficacy in preventing biofilm formation and reducing bacterial viability without harming eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, a combinatorial treatment of antibiotics together with bile acids such as ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) only mildly influenced biofilm biomass but reduced bacterial survival within biofilms. Bile acids, in addition to their endocrine and paracrine functions, may enhance antibiotic killing of bacterial biofilms compared to antibiotics alone. These approaches hold promise for treating biliary infections such as cholangitis.

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